194 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
194 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Owncast & Streaming a talk"
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date: 2021-05-20T16:08:55+02:00
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draft: false
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image: "uploads/owncast.png"
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tags: [FOSS, Owncast, SmallWeb, Streaming, Self-Hosting, NGINX]
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categories: [Projects, English]
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---
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I recently installed an Owncast server and wanted to share my experience. Here it is:
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# What is owncast?
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Owncast is a streaming server that you can selfhost, a *Twicht in a box* as the developers call it.
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You host owncast on your server (a small VM with good downlink is enough) and can stream your own own content like you would do on Twicht, YouTube etc...
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It has a chat, a admin panel for customization and thats it! You don't need more to e.g. stream while you are playing minecraft or want to share a talk.
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# Getting started
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Get the latest release on [GitHub](https://github.com/owncast/owncast/releases) by using
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```
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$ mkdir owncast
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$ cd owncast
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$ wget https://github.com/owncast/owncast/releases/download/v0.0.7/owncast-0.0.7-linux-64bit.zip
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$ unzip owncast-0.0.7-linux-64bit.zip
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$ rm owncast-0.0.7-linux-64bit.zip
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```
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And move the webroot to your document root and make sure the permissions fit
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```
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$ cd ..
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$ mv owncast /var/www/owncast
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$ cd /var/www/
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$ chown -R www-data:www-data owncast
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```
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Now create a new NGINX site e.g. `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/owncast` with the following content
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```
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map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
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default upgrade;
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'' close;
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}
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server {
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listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on; # managed by Certbot
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listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
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ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/stream.hyteck.de/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/stream.hyteck.de/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
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include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
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ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
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server_name stream.hyteck.de;
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# Set header
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add_header X-Clacks-Overhead "GNU Terry Pratchett";
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add_header Permissions-Policy interest-cohort=(); #Anti FLoC
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location / {
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
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}
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}
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server {
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listen 80;
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listen [::]:80;
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server_name stream.hyteck.de;
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return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
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}
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```
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Make sure to adjust the server name and SSL certificats (I will not go into detail on how to obtain them, but [feel free to ask me!](https://hyteck.de/about/)).
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# Start server
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Now start owncast to test
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```
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$ cd /var/www/owncast
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$ ./owncast/owncast
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```
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and visit https://yourdomain.org! If everything works you should see your site now. By visiting https://yourdomain.org/admin you can configure your server. The default credentials are `admin` and your stream key which is `abc123`. Change this immediately!
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Before you configure, let's make sure this runs whenever your server starts. Goback in the terminal and cancel with `Ctrl+C`.
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# Run as system service
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You want to install owncast as a system service. Therfore create `/etc/systemd/system/owncast.service` with the following content:
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```
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[Unit]
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Description=Owncast
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=1
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WorkingDirectory=/var/www/owncast
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ExecStart=/var/www/owncast/owncast
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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Update the daemon with `systemctl daemon-reload` enable `systemctl enable owncast` and start with `systemctl start owncast`. Make sure everything is correct with `systemctl status owncast`.
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# Configuration
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You can now change back to yourdoiman.org/admin and configure, title, logo and more.
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## Directory
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If you start a stream and have directory enabled, Owncast will publish your activity, e.g. in the owncast RocketChat, on Twitter (by mentioning you if you gave Owncast your Twitter Handle) and in the Fediverse. Turn this of for testing!
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# Streaming
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You can now use [OBS](https://obsproject.com/) or similar software to start streaming. Got to settings and configure your server.
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# Concept for talks
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To livestream we have a few important things to take care of:
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* The speaker
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* The presentation
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* The streaming software
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* The streaming server
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* The chat
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I suggest the following setup. Moderation and Speaker are in a BigBlueButton conference. The meet 15 minutes in advance, enough time to upload a presentation. Also in this room is a user called stream. This user does only listen and has OBS configured to record audio and the (fullscreen) window of the BBB room.
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Before the talk starts, it is a good opportunity to play some videos via the stream, or simply put on a picture, saing the talk will start soon.
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When the speaker an moderation are ready they tell the streamer and the scene is switched to the BBB room. The recording is started (if needed).
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A weakness of the setup is the streaner. If they loose their network connection, the stream stops.
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There is a neat [project for live streaming directly from a BBB room](https://github.com/aau-zid/BigBlueButton-liveStreaming), but it is quite complicated to set up and a crash of the BBB server would make stop the stream. Also the start of the stream is not as beautiful.
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# Performance
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It can be hard to estimate the needed server capacities for a livestream that is why I want to share my experiences. All of this was done on a Strato Linux V40 with 16 GB of RAM, 8 vCPUs and 500 MBit/s.
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On the following screenshots you see the configuration and the monitoring data of a talk with 40 participants. We pplayed high-quality videos from 17:43 to 18:05. At 18:05 we changed to the presentation. You see the decrease in CPU load, as the compression of the videos was easier with a steady picture. At 19:05 we invited the participents to join us in the BBB room, some left the stream.
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The network load scales linear with the participants that are watching. You can simply calculate the needed downlink capacity with
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```
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Downlink capacity = Num. participants x Outbound Video Stream Rate
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```
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Here this was
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```
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40 participants x 1200 kbps = 48 Mbps
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```
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which matches the observed network traffic quite well.
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The CPU load is determined by the compression the server has to do. The more different stream formats the server has to put out, the higher the load becomes. On the given Screenshot you see that only one downlink format was advertised, so the inbound stream had to be compresse only once. Matching imbound and outbound stream formats help reducing the server load.
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If your bottleneck is the bandwidth you can try to add a second low streamrate, maybe ome clients will take that one.
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# Final notes
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Owncast is a great project. Be aware that it is still not in version 1.0 so expect some limitations. This is e.g. the unability to block a user from chat. If you have any questions let me know in the comments below.
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{{< chat owncast >}}
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